01What Chhath Puja is
Chhath Puja is the festival of the Sun and of Chhathi Maiya, kept on the sixth day of the bright half of Kartika, six days after Diwali. It belongs above all to Bihar, Jharkhand and eastern Uttar Pradesh, and to people from there everywhere. It runs four days, with a fast of about thirty-six hours, and its heart is the arghya offered to the setting and the rising sun from a river or pond.
02The story told of it
The tradition traces the worship to Surya's own devotees: Karna of the Mahabharata, who is said to have stood in water each day offering arghya to the Sun, his father, and Draupadi and the Pandavas, who kept the vrat in their years of exile. Sita is also said to have kept it on her return to Ayodhya. Chhathi Maiya is honoured as the Sun's sister, the giver of children's care.
03How it is kept
On the first day, Nahay Khay, devotees bathe and eat one meal of rice, lentils and pumpkin. On the second, Kharna, they fast all day and break it at night with kheer of jaggery and roti, then begin the fast without water. On the third evening, Sandhya Arghya, they stand in water at sunset and offer fruit, thekua and sugarcane to the setting sun in bamboo baskets; on the fourth morning, Usha Arghya, they offer to the rising sun and break the fast.
04How the day is chosen
Chhath is kept on the day Shashthi is current at sunset, because its main offering is the arghya to the setting sun. Nahay Khay and Kharna are the two days before, and Usha Arghya, to the rising sun, is the morning after.
05Chhath Puja in other years